Assam’s Manas National Park Regains Its Glory
The cessation of the Bodoland insurgency has enabled the revival of Manas National Park, and has helped residents adapt to climate change impacts

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“We had never imagined witnessing the day when wildlife would once again rule the park,” says the 40-year-old. He is one of the legion of service providers recruited and paid for by the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), an autonomous district council administering the region and contracted to work with the forest department. “It seems like a dream come true. We had almost lost hope of witnessing the [original] biodiversity again in Manas but thanks to the serious efforts [undertaken], things have started to look brighter.” Located in Baksa and Chirang districts of Assam near the north bank of the Brahmaputra, Manas National Park was severely impacted by the separatist movement demanding a state for the Bodos. The Bodos are the indigenous community that forms the majority of the population in and around the forest. Violent clashes between the Assam state government and the insurgents starting in 1987 and continuing for over two decades had led to the insurgents fleeing into the forest, a Unesco World Heritage site. Security forces were often unable to enter. “The armed separatists chose Manas because of its strategic location and connectivity with Arunachal Pradesh and neighbouring Bhutan that helped them to escape the police. The dense forest also helped the insurgents to hide,” says Dipankar Lahkar, the manager of the tiger research and conservation division of Aaranyak, a non-profit working for environment and wildlife conservation in Assam. The result was large-scale poaching and trafficking of wild animals. Government officials and forest guards avoided the forest, which straddles the India-Bhutan border and is located on both banks of the Manas River, which flows from Bhutan to India to join the Brahmaputra. The 850-square-kilometre Manas National Park forms the core of the 2,837-square-kilometre Manas Tiger Reserve. On the Bhutan side of the border is the similarly named Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan’s oldest protected area.


The population of tigers rose to 11 in 2011, 15 in 2015, 30 in 2020 and 48 this yearThe forest recovered. Camera traps reveal that the population of tigers – a keystone species that reflects the health of the entire ecosystem – rose to 11 in 2011, 15 in 2015, 30 in 2020, and 48 this year. Tigers in Manas have been counted since 2010 through annual camera-trap surveys by the Assam Forest Department with Aaranyak and WWF India.


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